The Devastation of American Drug Addiction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2634 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Drug Abuse Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The drug and opioid epidemic is one of our country’s most burdensome challenges being faced in the present. It is something that the United States is struggling to resolve efficiently. In 2016, 42,000 Americans died from abuse of opioids, such as fentanyl, heroin, and prescription drugs (Ingraham). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Devastation of American Drug Addiction" essay for you Create order Each of these individuals were a mother or father, a son or daughter, or a friend (Pathos). Yet, even as the primary killer of people under the age of 50, drug addiction is still considered a â€Å"taboo† topic. The truth is, addiction affects every aspect of the drug-user’s life: their brain functions, their relationships, their personality (Pattern 3). Addiction in America compromises the well-being of the individual, relationship dynamics, and society, and does not have a clear solution. Those who have not experienced addiction could not possibly understand the frustration, heartache, and worry that comes to everyone involved. There are certain criteria someone must meet in order to be clinically diagnosed as an addict, not just a drug user. One definition characterizes addiction as â€Å"a disease that affects a persons brain and behavior and leads to an inability to control the use of adrug † (Mayo Clinic). Statistically, every American will encounter a person with a drug addiction at some point, and with addiction becoming more prevalent, society should obtain a basic understanding of how addiction affects a drug-user. To understand addiction, one must consider the changes the brain goes through as a result of drug use. The sought-after â€Å"high†, a sensation achieved through drug consumption, is caused by the brain’s generation of large amounts of dopamine, the neurotransmitter that causes us to feel happiness. Heroin, for example, has the ability to trick the brain into using the compound as a neurotransmitter. Cocaine, on the other hand, forces the brain to stop recycling dopamine after its release, therefore producing the high while also enforcing the repetition of the drug use (Addiction Education Society). The release of the dopamine allows the â€Å"reward effect† to occur in the cerebral cortex, the emotion center of the brain — the same feeling as â€Å"a monetary rewardor a satisfying meal†, but on a larger scale (Harvard Health Publishing). The speed of the dopamine release correlates to how quickly one develops the addiction (Harvard Health Publishing). At a certain stage in the addiction, the drugs start to feel less euphoric, as the brain begins to produce less dopamine. Drugs chemically alter the brain from the first use, and the first high is almost always considered to be the best. Therefore, the brain continues to chase the feeling of those first few highs, causing the person to continually feed the addiction as his or her tolerance builds, taking increasing amounts of the drug each time. This dangerous chase often leads to death through overdose, where the body cannot process and remove the drug from the body efficiently enough, causing the organs to shut down. In addition to the brain, other physical parts of the body begin to function differently after taking drugs. When the body becomes completely dependant on a substance, the organs lose efficiency and function. On top of brain damage, lethargy, and attention/memory problems, the immune system becomes extremely weak when exposed to drugs, depending on how the nervous system reacts. The heart and liver are also put into significant danger, where heart and liver disease or failure can ensue. Recurring bouts of dehydration, muscle breakdown, and increased body temperature due to drug use contribute to an increased chance of kidney failure, especially among heroin users (Brande). Nausea and stomach pain can occur, causing weight loss and appetite changes (Gateway Foundation). This is why a stereotypical addict is portrayed as frail and gaunt. Opioids that are injected, such as heroin, are especially dangerous because they contribute to the spread of HIV. Addiction become so intense that people with drug addictions tend to ignore the physical deterioration of their health because the â€Å"high† is so euphoric. A external change that shows itself immediately is a change in personality. Since the brain is being fundamentally altered, a change of personality is inescapable. The brain makes drugs the center of focus. Therefore, this contributes to a blurred line between right and wrong. The addiction becomes so strong that many addicts, in their most desperate moments, can resort to stealing and lying in order to obtain their substance. Drugs become the priority over everything else that would have been the most important — such as work, school, family, and finances (Pattern 6). Oftentimes, drugs can appear to make a person happier, more social, or more spontaneous; but, these effects are temporary (Pattern 1a). When an addict goes through withdrawal, he or she can become aggressive, paranoid, and depressed. Substance abuse also can make users more erratic, which means they are willing to take risks or make dangerous choices, especially when it comes to obtaining more drugs. Although some drugs are stimulating, other drugs, like prescription pills, numb the emotions instead. Johnny, a teenage boy interviewed after his problems with Xanax addiction, told The Guardian that when he attempted to detox from the drug, he felt â€Å"depressed and physically sick† (Marsh). Some of these effects can be reversed and unlearned, but many are permanent or continue to affect the addict for the rest of his or her life, therefore altering personality. Addiction is all around us. Hundreds of celebrities and public figures have shared their experiences with addiction. Demi Lovato, a well-renowned singer and actress, has struggled with drug addiction for years (Apposition). This past summer, she overdosed on oxycontin (which some believe was laced with fentanyl) in her Los Angeles home. Luckily, paramedics were able to save her through the use of naloxone, better known as Narcan, a medicine that reverses the effects of narcotics (People). Although Lovato was apparently sober for years before this, relapse is common when it comes to substance abuse; 40 to 60 percent of addicts relapse while in attempt to obtain complete sobriety (Ashwood Recovery) (Pattern 1b). This shows that addiction is indifferent towards who it victimizes. Other notable celebrities that have overdosed on drugs include Prince, Whitney Houston, and Heath Ledger. Unfortunately, many of the reputations and legacies of famous addicts are tarnished by their addiction struggles. Even so, it seems that drug use is normalized in many movies and songs. In almost every genre, allusions to the euphoria that drugs bring can be found. This doesn’t make these songs and movies bad or inappropriate, per se, but we do need to consider the truthfulness behind it. Our media has become so immersed in addiction that we don’t even think anything of it anymore. We are almost infatuated with it, as Americans crave shows like Breaking Bad or Narcos, and idolize movies like Trainspotting or Scarface—all of which depict addiction through a cinematic lens, simultaneously undermining the horrible cycle of addiction. When the media makes projects including drug use, a more honest description should be utilized. For instance, Matty Healy, the lead singer of a band called The 1975, revealed in 2018 that he had recently spent time in a rehabilitation center for his heroin addiction. Although a few of the band’s earlier songs were obviously about drug usage, many of their â€Å"love† songs are actually about his poisonous relationship with heroin. For example, their song ‘It’s Not Living (If It’s Not With You)’ includes the lyrics â€Å"All I do is sit and think about you / If I knew what you’d do / Collapse my veins wearing beautiful shoes / It’s not living if it’s not with you†. This suggests that addiction becomes engraved into our subconscious as we sing along to the lyrics without realizing the subliminal meaning behind them. It also portrays the way in which addiction takes control of the brain, to the point where it becomes personified in the mind of the user as a friend. Although this idea can prove to be entertaining and even artistic in the media, it is not so glamorous in reality. One of the least glamorous aspects of addiction is the devastation on a family or relationship dynamic. It is crucial that the people around an addict encourage him or her to seek professional help in addition to providing emotional support. Significant sums of family savings can be depleted from the expense of purchasing drugs. Because of the aggression and irritability caused by drugs, relationships often go south. This can result in domestic abuse or violence and mistrust. Children living in a household where drug addiction is normalized may also be more subject to addiction down the road. However, the harm that drugs have towards relationships is not always crystal clear. This is portrayed in a co-dependent or an enabling relationship. The family member or partner who is willing to do anything for the drug user will enable their addiction by providing money or by acting as a constant caretaker (Holloway). Because the codependent person feels responsible for their loved one’s substance issues, they do not set boundaries and put their own needs last. This is, obviously, difficult to admit and resolve. It is a draining position to be in, as the caregiver wants to help the drug user without hurting their feelings or by forcing the user to get help they do not want. Although the codependent person has the best intentions, enabling an addict is possibly the worst thing one could do for the addict’s health. On the largest scale, addiction is something that harms nationwide society. It hurts companies and other types of workplaces. â€Å"70 percent of the estimated 14.8 million Americans who use illegal drugs are employed† (NCADD). This causes problems such as loss of productivity and therefore a decrease in monetary income for the business. It also endangers other coworkers. â€Å"One-third of all employees are aware of illegal drug sale in the workplace† (Patterson). Many companies have taken steps to attempt to prevent this, but it is difficult to completely eliminate, as drug-users almost always desperately keep their substance abuse secret. Within the past three years, workplace overdoses have increased by 32 percent (Tucker). In a country like America that has a significant focus on work, we need our workers to be healthy and safe. Addiction can also make it harder for reformed addicts to find a job, since many companies are weary to hire people who have been involved with drugs, in fear of relapses or endangerment to the company. Addicts often experience this social rejection, especially if he or she has a prior criminal record for drug involvement. The disease derails his or her entire life, and many sacrifices must be made in to get back on track. Drug addiction also affects society through the War on Drugs, a movement created by President Nixon to decrease the potential of more addiction by cracking down on drug use. America is attempting to find an effective way to lower the rates of addiction and drugs coming into the country, but this is time-consuming and expensive. Some ideas that have been proposed and explored include more severe punishments for drug dealers, increased military surveillance to stop drugs from entering the country, or even supervised injection centers for addicts to get their fix within a sanitary, controlled area. Altogether, since the beginning of the movement in 1971, the country has spent an estimate of one trillion dollars to combat drug abuse, especially through enforcement, even for possession of a small amount of a drug. This has also created tensions between the United States and South American countries like Mexico and Colombia, where a large portion of the drugs are smuggled from. Frankly, the precautions America have taken seem to be going to waste, as someone dies from opioid addiction every 16 minutes in the United States (Pearl). Fighting drug use and dealing is not preventing addiction from occurring. Most Americans, regardless of political party, seem to agree that the War on Drugs is failing. With so much drug addiction, the criminal justice system has heavily enforced drug laws. In 2016, 456,000 people were incarcerated for a drug law violation. More men and women are in jail for drug violations more than any other crime. A majority of these violations were for possession. Yet, according to statistics, only 11 percent of these inmates are receiving treatment sufficient to help their addiction (The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights). This has led to controversy over the justice system’s conduct towards prisoners. Should illegal drug addiction be treated more as a disease or illness rather than a crime (Rhetorical question)? No matter where one falls on the spectrum of answers to that question, it is only right that prison treatment programs should be more widely offered in order to assist inmates in getting back in the right direction. â€Å"Criminalization tends to drive people who use drugs underground, making it less likely that they will get care† (Human Rights Watch). This indirectly causes even more violence and crime. Prevention of arrest should also be prompted so that addicts can avoid incarceration altogether, since many times addiction is not efficiently resolved in prison. A positive outcome that has arrived in response to the drug epidemic is resources for sobriety. This includes treatment centers, support groups, therapy, and medications. There are thousands of rehabilitation centers in America, and right now we need them more than ever. Many of these facilities are created through the contributions of former addicts themselves, which provides a more intimate and calming environment for those seeking help, in knowing that sobriety is attainable. While some centers can be expensive, there are countless financial aid opportunities to make the care more accessible for everyone. Alcoholics Anonymous seems to be the most well-known of these resources, because it is free. During Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, the group often follows a twelve step process, consisting of actions such as admitting one’s problem, creating a relationship with a higher power (such as God or the universe), and conscientiously making a plan to recover (Parenthesis). However, many people struggling with dependence and addiction do not want to admit they have a problem and refuse to seek treatment. According to studies, only 10.9% of those who need specialized treatment actually go to receive it (American Addiction Center). Addicts should be encouraged to seek help in order to salvage their life, happiness, and health. We’ve all been told countless times throughout childhood and adolescence to â€Å"just say no† to drugs. Although this is a beneficial ideal in theory, realistically, this logic is flawed. What starts for many Americans as a simple ill-made choice morphs into a fragile balance between life and death. It is no longer is a choice. Addiction does not discriminate and may not look identical for many different people (Litote). Forecasts say that 500,000 Americans will die from opioid overdose within the next decade, and we are getting nearer and nearer to this number each day (Blau) (Logos). Conclusion That is why it is vital for each of us to know how addiction affects American life. Addiction is a bully, a villain, and a gruesome disease that destroys lives (Personification). It harms physical health, relationships, society and the economyto name just a few (Ellipsis). Despite the warnings and education we receive about the dangers of drugs and the resultant drug addiction, in this day and age our society both normalizes and glorifies the use of substances to enhance life. Therefore, repeated exposure and desensitization to the horrors of addiction contribute to younger individuals believing it is â€Å"cool† to succumb to that lifestyle. Based on these conclusions, it is impossible to completely eradicate drug addiction because of our exposure through the media or through our families that makes it seem like opening the window through drug use is normal. It will be a never ending cycle.

Financial - 2508 Words

Brazil’s Real Surges as Central Bank Says Inflation Rate Is High By Blake Schmidt amp; Marisa Castellani - Feb 7, 2013 3:33 PM ET Brazil’s real rallied the most among emerging-market currencies as the central bank said high inflation requires attention, spurring speculation that policy makers will let the currency strengthen to contain prices. Swap rates climbed after the government reported that consumer prices increased in January at the fastest pace in almost eight years, adding to bets on a boost in borrowing costs. The exchange rate and tax cuts will help slow inflation, a central bank board member said in a phone interview, asking not to be identified because of internal policy. â€Å"Higher inflation shoots the real up,† Joao†¦show more content†¦According to World Bank, net portfolio equity inflow was $38 bln in 2010, inflow of direct investments totalled $48 bln. Nowadays there is a 1% tax on short dollar positions in the futures market. It was introduced in 2011 in order to limit foreign exchange speculation. In 2012 the Brazilian real proved to be the worst-performing currency among the currencies of developing countries. It had lost about 12% of its price for two quarters 2012. The USD/BRL rate was 1:2.07 by the end of 2012. According to statistical data of Central bank of Brazil, the rate rose by 0.7% in December 2012. In terms of easing cycle Brazil’s central bank cut its benchmark interest rate for nine times during 2012. As a result it decreased by 5%. In January 2013 it was cut to a record low 7.25%. Easing credit climate offering favourable conditions boosted retail sales and competitiveness among local producers. Several f actors have impact on the Brazilian real. Firstly, amounts of attracted foreign investments; the Brazilian industry cannot develop further without it. Secondly, USD trends, as Brazil is a major importer and exporter and the currency of the United States is used as a major currency for international payments. Brazil has a very heterogeneous population as well as financial structure. The country has lack of infrastructure development. It is characterized by low labour productivity. All these factors have negative impact onShow MoreRelatedFinancial Statement Of Financial Statements822 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial Statements The business world requires exacting standards to ensure all costs are correctly accounted for and considered. To this end the financial statements have become the centerpiece for business evaluation. The income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flow and ratios for analysis of financial statements play a critical role in business evaluation. Income Statement The income statement is a mainstay of business operations and expenses. 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A Lesson Before Dying Literary Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Lesson Before Dying Literary Analysis Essay A Lesson Before DyingI thought that the book A Lesson Before Dying was all right overall. I think Ernest Gaines did a good job with the plot but the idea of the book was not to interesting to me. A book about a black man becoming a man on his way to the electric chair is a very dull plot to me. I give Gaines credit for making the book semi-interesting even though the plot was terrible. Personally after reading Things Fall Apart and Song of Solomon I was looking for a little more action in this book. Those two books were ten times better than A Lesson Before Dying so I can say that I was probably expecting too much. A Lesson Before Dying has a superb depiction of the theme quot;you cant judge a book by its cover;quot;. Grant went to help Jefferson with a notion that Jefferson was sewer trash and he would not learn anything from this situation. In the end Grant was wrong because he learned a lot from his short relationship with Jefferson. Grant had certain feelings for Jefferson he never had for a man before. They became real close friends and talked about a lot of things. I really like how they portrayed this theme throughout the book.;#9;In the book each character had their own characteristics and personality. There was something special about each character in the book. Each of them had their strong points and weak points for example Grant was always running away from his problems. There were a lot of things in his life that he could not handle and he just wanted to run away. He didnt know what to do about Jefferson at first and wondered why he had to teach him. He didnt really know how to handle his job as teacher in the Quarter. He couldnt make his mind up about God so he just decided to leave it alone. Aunt Emma was a very strong character in the book. She would do almost anything to help Jefferson before he died. She begged to the Guidrys on several occasion to help Jefferson feel more comfortable while he was in jail. She begged Grant for his help even though Grant did not want to help Jefferson. She got Mose Ambrose and Grant to finally work together to help Jefferson instead of always arguing. There were many strong characters in the book but there were also weak ones. This individuality of each character made the book very interesting because you could watch how each characters personality would clash with the others. ;#9;There were also some parts of A Lesson Before Dying that I did not like. They should have had more background on each of the characters. I never figured out where Tante Lou knew Aunt Emma from or where Grant met Vivian. These things are not necessary but they add to the story. I also think they could have gone into more detail about Grant and Lous relationship. I wanted to know what happened to Grants parents and just how close were they. There is a lot of background information in the book that remains a mystery to me. ;#9;Overall I thought A Lesson Before Dying was an all right book. It reminded me how my people were treated in America during the late 1940s. It was a realistic story that might have happened to anyone caught in that situation at that time period. The book made me think about how hard my people fought for me to get where I am now. Jefferson had to stand like a man for the whole town not just himself. He had to rebuke the notion that black people were hogs by becoming a man again and showing that to the community. .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .postImageUrl , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:hover , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:visited , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:active { border:0!important; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:active , .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u139a478fc68f322cbd619853276b065f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Contemporary China Essay He died with dignity and pride like a man should. For these reasons I have stated here and above I believe A Lesson Before Dying was an above average book.

Effects of Music on the Mind and Body free essay sample

Many students may have the intentions to study or knish their homework but they are even more concerned about what Is on television or that hot new song that is on the radio. Most students know that it is distracting but they Just lose their motivation and procrastinate about schoolwork. Students are constantly exposed to music and television, so they may feel uncomfortable when they are not exposed to some sort of distraction. So is music harmful to the brain, or does It merely enhance the minds cognitive process?According to Blaze , committing information to memory is important in the early stages of learning meeting new, therefore, it is essential for students to be able to work in an environment conducive to learning. Can students effectively remember what they have learned when they study while listening to music? If students Insist upon listening to music while studying, can any type of music actually enhance learning, and is any type of music particularly harmful to learning and memory?Binary, Mackey, Trembler, and Jones reviewed the body of literature relating to audio distraction and short-term memory (STEM)_ Irrelevant sounds were especially disruptive when a sequence of changing sounds was played. The most important inclusion of the review seems to be that the effect of irrelevant noise depended on whether or not remembering items In a particular order in the memory task was Important. Irrelevant sounds tended to greatly disrupt ongoing recall but had a minimal effect on free recall.Salaam and Biddable also looked at the effects of noise, particularly music, on STEM. They compared the effects of vocal and Instrumental music on STEM. Participants were asked to remember number sequences while either vocal or Instrumental music played In the background. They were asked to focus on the numbers rather than on the music. Recall was better for artisans who listened to the instrumental music that for participants who listened to vocal music. The words to the music distracted the participants, but Instrumental music was not distracting.In an experiment that took place In a more academic setting by Tucker and Bushman , It was correctly hypothesized that rock and roll music has a detrimental effect on mathematical, verbal and reading comprehension. They administered portions of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and American College Test (ACT) to students In two groups; one group listened to rock and roll music, while another took the test In silence. It was found that rock and roll music worsened mathematical and verbal abilities, but had no impact on reading comprehension. Not only can music serve as a distraction, but it can also produce music on test performance. They used the Digits Backward test, (participants read numbers in order and then backwards then try to say/write them in order), to assess performance in participants who were exposed to stimulating music, sedative music, or no music. Music was played as participants acquainted themselves with the numbers in the test. It was found that listening to stimulating music increased nationality and performance concern among participants who were exposed to stimulating music compared with participants who were exposed to sedative music.Participants in the stimulating music condition performed the worst. Participants who listened to stimulating music predicted that they would perform poorly on the test. The highest levels of concentration were reported among the no music group. This study also found that music preference was positively correlated to test performance. All of the participants in the experiment preferred the sedative music over the stimulating music. If participants liked the music, it aided their performance; if they did not like the music, it distracted them, therefore hindering performance.It has been found that music does in fact have an influence on mood. Does mood really affect learning? Studies show that it indeed does. It is highly difficult to learn things when you have a million things going on in ones mind. The music most people call classical is different from other kinds of music for it has a more complex musical structure. Researchers think the complexity of classical music is what primes the brain to solve spatial problems more quickly. Listening to classical music may have different effects on the brain than listening to other types of music.Classical music affects the brains organization and abilities, through its melody and rhythm. The rhythm raises the level of serotonin produced in your brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter, involved in the transmission of nerve impulses that helps maintaining Joyous feelings. When the brain produces serotonin, tension is eased. In fact depression is a consequence of the scarce production of this hormone. Besides, why waste money on psychotherapy when you can listen to the B Minor Mass? (Michael Torte). Rhythm is also an important aspect of music to study when looking at responses to music.There are two responses to rhythm. These responses are hard to separate because they are related, and one of these responses cannot exist without the other. These responses are (1) the actual hearing of the rhythm and (2) the physical response to the rhythm. Rhythm organizes physical movements and is very much related to the human body. For example, the body contains rhythms in the heartbeat, while walking, during breathing, etc. Another example of how rhythm orders movement is an autistic boy who could not tie his shoes. He learned how on the second try when the task of tying his shoes was put to a song.The rhythm helped organize his physical movements in time. Responses to music are easy to be detected in the human body. Classical music from the baroque period causes the heart beat and pulse rate to relax to the beat of the music. As the body becomes relaxed and alert, the mind is able to concentrate more easily. Also, baroque music is known to decrease blood pressure and enhance the ability to learn. Music affects the amplitude and frequency of brain waves. Music also affects breathing rate and electrical resistance of the skin.It has been observed to cause the pupils to dilate, increase blood pressure, and increase the heart rate. In 1982, researchers from the see if music could help in memorizing vocabulary words. The students were divided into three groups. Each group was given three tests a pretest, a posters, and a test week after the first two tests. All of the tests were identical. Group 1 was read the Norms with Handels Water Music in the background. They were also asked to imagine the words. Group 2 was read the same words also with Handels Water Music in the background. Group 2 was not asked to imagine the words.Group 3 was only read the words, was not given any background music, and was also not asked to imagine the words. The results from the first two tests showed that groups 1 and 2 had much better scores than group 3. The results from the third test, a week later, showed that group 1 performed much better than groups 2 or 3 however, simply using music while learning does not absolutely guarantee recall but can possibly Improve it. Background music in itself is not a part of the learning process, but it does enter into memory along with the information learned. Recall is better when the same music used for learning is used during recall.Also, tempo appears to be a key of musics effect on memory. Many psychologists research has found varying effects that music has on our test taking ability. (e. G. , Blanch, Bowman, Molder, 1992; Corrector et al. , 1997; Burnham ; Strata, 2002). Some research has found that it was beneficial to our test-taking ability (Corrector et al. , 1997) and others have found that music is Just as distracting as noise (Burnham ; Strata, 2002). Rough both of these studies used different types of music, and did not compare their results to the studies that used different types of music.The study in which the researchers found that music was Just as distracting as noise they used grunge rock. In the study in which the researchers found that music was beneficial to an individuals thinking, the music used was solely designed to improve concentration. They used music from the software package Joan Plus, which created music on the spot based on Japanese Buddhist philosophy that encourages meditation for the quest of understanding (Corrector, et. Al. , 1997). So the results found, that music is beneficial to test-taking abilities, was not a big surprise, the overall study had a lot of power.The problem with many of the studies which examine the effects of music on cognition is that they do not include other types of music, and see music as one type of music. Also in both studies the music used was arbitrary to the participants personal preference of music. It is obvious that music is as old as the human race in this world. It is a part of daily life, and it is meaningful regardless of whether it is traditional or international. People were listening to the different sounds and the types of rhythms even when they had not fully developed this modern world of noise and rhythms and music.

The Rule in Turquands Case free essay sample

The doctrine of Indoor management, popularly known as the Turquands rule initially arose some 150 years ago in the context of the doctrine of constructive notice. The doctrine of constructive notice of a companys public documents was, of course, abolished prospectively. The rule was partly dictated by practical necessity persons contracting with a company were not expected to spend their time checking that any required resolutions had properly been passed, at meetings that had been correctly convened, by directors whose appointments had been duly made. The rule in Turquands Case can operate in relation to any contractual obligation but has over the years frequently been raised in respect of a document to which the companys seal has been affixed. Professor Gower, summarizing the common law position in 1969, stated: [Where] the third party receives a document sealed in the presence of the appropriate individuals as stated in the articles of association, he is entitled to rely on its formal validity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rule in Turquands Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even if the board have never resolved that the document be sealed, he will be protected for he is not entitled to see the minutes of the board meeting which relate to a matter of indoor management and has no means of checking whether the internal regulations have been complied with [1] . In India, under the Indian Companies Act 1956, the rule has been recognized under s-290 and impliedly under s-81. The principle of indoor management is one of justice, equity and good conscience and has emerged out of the concept of Agency. The Indian Courts have been applying the Doctrine quite frequently and modifying according to the case in hand. The Paper seeks to answer how far the Turquand Rule has been instrumental in protecting the interests of outsiders transacting bona fide with a company. An endeavor has also been made to find out the application of the rule and its ramifications in the modern context. Indoor management: An antithesis to Constructive Notice principle The company is an artificial legal person. Its objects and powers are set out in the memorandum and articles of association as amended from time to time. The memorandum and articles, when registered, become public documents and can be inspected by any member of the public at the office of the RoC under Sec. 610 of the Companies Act on payment of a nominal fee. Thus, every person who contemplates entering into a contract with a company, has the means of ascertaining and consequently presumed to know, not only the exact powers of the company but also to the extent to which these powers have been delegated to the directors and of any limitation placed upon the exercise of these powers. Every person dealing with the company is deemed to have a constructive notice of the contents of its memorandum and AoA. Hence, if a person enters into a contract which is beyond the powers of the company, as defined in the memorandum, he cannot acquire any rights under the contract against the company. This rule proved to be too inconvenient for business transactions and hindered the smooth flow of business. The rigours of the rule was, therefore, alleviated by the judicial pronouncement in Royal British Bank v Turquand, and the doctrine of `indoor management serving as a partial exception to the doctrine of `constructive notice. While the doctrine of constructive notice seeks to protect the company against the outsiders, the principal of indoor management operates to protect the outsiders while dealing with the company. According to this doctrine, as laid down in the Royal British Bank case, persons dealing with a company are not bound to inquire into the regularity of any internal proceedings. In other words, while persons contract with a company they are entitled to assume that the provisions of the Articles have been observed by the officers of the company. It is no part of the duty of an outsider to see that the company carries out its own internal regulations. It is sufficient if the act is not ultra vires. The doctrine of constructive notice operates against the person who has failed to inquire. But the doctrine of indoor management can be invoked by the person dealing with the company and cannot be invoked by the company. The case of Royal British Bank v Turquand The case marks the very origin of the concept of the doctrine of Indoor management. In this case the Directors of the Company were authorized by the articles to borrow on bonds such sums of money as should from time to time by a special resolution of the Company in a general meeting, be authorized to be borrowed. A bond under the seal of the company, signed by two directors and the secretary was given by the Directors to the plaintiff to secure the drawings on current account without the authority of any such resolution. Then Turquand sought to bind the Company on the basis of that bond. Thus the question arose whether the company was liable on that bond. The Court of Exchequer Chamber overruled all objections and held that the bond was binding on the company as Turquand was entitled to assume that the resolution of the Company in general meeting had been passed. The relevant portion of the judgment of Jervis C. J. reads: The deed allows the directors to borrow on bond such sum or sums of money as shall from time to time, by a resolution passed at a general meeting of the company, be authorized to be borrowed : and the replication shows a resolution passed at a general meeting, authorizing the directors to borrow on bond such sums for such periods and at such rates of interest as they might deem expedient, in accordance with the deed of settlement and Act of Parliament; but the resolution does not define the amount to be borrowed. That seems to me enough We may now take for granted that the dealings with these companies are not like dealings with other partnerships, and the parties dealing with them are bound to read the statute and the deed of settlement. But they are not bound to do more. And the party here on reading the deed of settlement, would find, not a prohibition from borrowing but a permission to do so on certain conditions. Finding that the authority might be made complete by a resolution, he would have a right to infer the fact of a resolution authorizing that which on the face of the document appear to be legitimately done. (emphasis supplied) The Rule in Turquands case The case of Royal British Bank v Turquand [2] , refined the basic Common law of Agency to articulate the Doctrine of Indoor Management. The rule was enunciated by the Court to mitigate the rigors of the Constructive Notice Doctrine. Its importance arises in situations in which the third partys dealings are with some officer or agent other than the Board. The rule protects the interest of the third party who transacts with the Company in good faith and to whom the Company is indebted. The rule enunciated in the decision is often referred to as Turquands rule and indoor management rule. The gist of the rule is that persons dealing with limited liability companies are not bound to enquire into their indoor management and will not be affected by irregularities of which they had no notice The rule enunciated in Turquand has been applied in many cases subsequently and generally in order to protect the interests of the party transacting with the Directors of the Company. Applying the rule, now it can not be argued that a person having dealings with a Company is deemed to have notice of who the true Directors are, and this being shown by public documents i. e. he registers of the directors required to be maintained by the Company and the and the notices of changes. To put it precisely, where an agent was acting apparently consistently with the Companys constitution, the third party was not affected by any internal irregularity. For instance, the lack of disclosure of a Directors interest in the Board as required by the articles, sine he could not discover whether such dis closure had or had not been made [3] . Third parties did not have notice of matters not on register. Only actual notice of the irregularity would affect him.

How to Write College Discussion Board Post Useful Hints

How to Write College Discussion Board Post Useful Hints How to Write College Discussion Board Post: Comprehensive Student’s Guide Online degree problems are becoming increasingly popular but many people still hesitate whether online education is worth their time and efforts. The biggest concern is the lack of interaction that traditional education provides. However, modern students can equally benefit from communication thanks to online discussion boards, which are a great platform for an exchange of ideas. In fact, participation in discussion boards is becoming obligatory even in traditional degree programs these days. So if you still do not know how to write college discussion board post, check out our guide below and find out what to expect when using online discussion boards, what professors pay attention to when grading students, and what etiquette is required there. Basic Tips on How to Write College Discussion Board Post Do not rush into answering the questions and read the prompt very carefully. Consider the following: Subject. Which questions are you expected to answer and which readings do you have to respond to? Requirements. What is the deadline? What is the word limit? How many sources are you expected to cite? The type of the response. Are you asked to share personal experience, develop a list of recommendations, build your own arguments, draw on research, etc.? Formatting. Typically, students are expected to use APA but be sure to check the requirements from the professor. Grading rubric. Against which criteria will your post be assessed? It is not unusual for students to find some instructions confusing. In this case, do not hesitate to contact your professor and ask for clarifications. Keep in mind that when in doubt, you should always consult your instructor instead of other students, who might not know what they are doing. Note that online instructors might be less reachable because they might not see your questions. However, they are just an email away. In case you experience difficulties with your discussion board assignment, you should know that you can buy college discussion board posts from a professional writing company. After you read discussion board posting guidelines and come up with some ideas for a response, think about the best way to support your claims. Backup information will make your argument stronger and more convincing. Evidence comes in various forms, including course material, recent research studies, related news, or your personal experience. If you do not know how to write a discussion board post, the first thing you should learn to do is support your arguments. Good backup and justification of your claims demonstrates your understanding of the topic and shows that your conclusions are reasonable. We recommend documenting relevant evidence as you read on the topic. Just jot down the information and the source it is taken from and you will save a lot of time when you get down to writing the draft. By the way, citation is extremely important if you do not want your work to be classified as plagiarism. There are numerous online resources which can help you cite your sources. Alternativ ely, you can contact us, say, ‘Do my discussion board post’ and we will provide you with a strong and properly cited discussion board post. Discussion board tasks often consist of multiple questions. Rather than writing in a questions-answers format, create a coherent paragraph with a topic sentence and transitions. Bring all ideas together into one argument or common goal. Integrate your evidence to support your claim and make your argument convincing. If applicable, use outside sources. As you include different pieces of evidence, be sure not to lose focus. Leave out all information that is redundant or unclear. Maintain scholarly tone. Avoid writing in ALL CAPS because it creates the impression that you are yelling at your readers. Use text editors and online spell checkers. It is also highly recommended to enable spell check in your browser. It is important to proofread and edit your post before submission. Experienced writers re-read their texts after a short break, which increases their chances of producing a cohesive, complete, and mistakes-free post. Once the post is ready, it is high time to review it and ask yourself the questions below: Is my central argument clear and is it related to the topic? Does my response contain enough evidence to show that I have critically analyzed the readings? Does it offer a unique perspective on the topic? Have I used the assigned readings to support my point of view? Is my response free of jargon and other language that is not suitable for scholarly tone? Have I proofread my post to make sure it is free of grammatical, stylistic, and structural errors? For someone who does not know how to write college discussion board post this might be easier said than done. To submit your response, do the following: Copy and paste the proofread response into the forum. Check it for grammatical errors and typos once again. Click on ‘Submit’ button and wait for your classmates’ responses. Remember that this is a discussion board, so do not hesitate to engage your classmates into discussions by asking follow-up questions. When participating in such forums, it is always helpful to ask yourself what added value you can bring to the discussion. Free Discussion Board Post Writing Buy College Discussion Board Posts If you realize that you need professional assistance in discussion board post writing, remember that there are writing services that can help you. If you need a reliable company with experienced writers, you are in the right place! By using our services, you get: Complete confidentiality. Customers’ personal data is kept private. Fully original papers. In addition to writing papers from scratch, we check them on plagiarism detecting software to make sure they are plagiarism-free. Unique paper written specifically for you. No hidden fees. Papers written by professional writers. We Will Make Your Academic Life a Success If you have any problems related to academic writing, our service is the best solution. Place an order now and let our trained experts do the rest. Live a stress-free life with our professional writing services.

Nursing - Literature Search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing - Literature Search - Essay Example The rise of internet has made it easier for researchers to locate information from online journals, books, government documents, and websites through choice of search words simply typed on the search engines to expose different sources with relevant information to the topic of choice. The entire process of literature should be guided by a well-formulated research question. This paper entails literature research for the research topic, how effective is cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of anxiety and depression in adults? The main objective of the study revolves around demonstrating how five articles on the chosen topic were arrived at. The topic on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety is relevant to the field of mental health owing to the increased concerns on the best intervention on the increasing incidences of depression and anxiety among the aging people in health care. The literature search provides evidence on the application of the intervention thereby contributing to the resolution of the dilemma on the effectiveness of the cognitive behavior therapy intervention on depression and anxiety in adults. ... The next step involved selection of the target sources with secondary sources such as journals articles as main evidence sources targeted in this literature study. This was followed by selection Medline, EBSCOhost, ProQuest as the main databases where relevant journal articles could be located. The literature search involved different search words including, effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and depression treatment in adults, Cognitive behavioral therapy in adult anxiety disorders, and evidence for effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy treatment in treatment of adult anxiety and depression disorders. The use of ‘effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and depression treatment in adults’ as the search word in the EBSCOhost database resulted in 20 hits. Upon review of the article abstracts and titles of the hits, two articles were identified based on their relevance to the research topic. Literature search in the EBSCOhost database provided numer ous articles on the cognitive behavioral therapy topic although most were eliminated on the basis of the targeted group. The articles chosen from this database included cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: a meta-analysis of effectiveness studies by Stewart and Chambles (2009) and the training and dissemination of cognitive behavior therapy for depression in adults: a preliminary competence and client outcomes by Simons et al. (2010). The search in the ProQuest database using the second search term resulted into 22727 hits with the first 20 article being the closest to the relevance of the chosen topic. The other three articles were chosen from this database